Abstract
With the aggravation of the energy crisis and environmental problems, biomass resource, as a renewable carbon resource, has received great attention. Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is a promising technology, which can convert solid biomass into high value liquid fuel, bio-char and syngas. Catalyst plays a vital role in the rapid pyrolysis, which can increase the yield and selectivity of aromatics and other products in bio-oil. In this paper, the traditional zeolite catalysts and metal modified zeolite catalysts used in CFP are summarized. The influence of the catalysts on the yield and selectivity of the product obtained from pyrolysis was discussed. The deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst were discussed. Catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) are new technologies developed in traditional pyrolysis technology. CCP improves the problem of hydrogen deficiency in the biomass pyrolysis process and raises the yield and character of pyrolysis products, through the co-feeding of biomass and hydrogen-rich substances. The pyrolysis reactions of biomass and polymers (plastics and waste tires) in CCP were reviewed to obtain the influence of co-pyrolysis on composition and selectivity of pyrolysis products. The catalytic mechanism of the catalyst in CCP and the reaction path of the product are described, which is very important to improve the understanding of co-pyrolysis technology. In addition, the effects of biomass pretreatment, microwave adsorbent, catalyst and other reaction conditions on the pyrolysis products of MAP were reviewed, and the application of MAP in the preparation of high value-added biofuels, activated carbon and syngas was introduced.
Highlights
With the increase of energy demand and population around the world, fossil fuels are used in large quantities and gradually exhausted, which aggravates the energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental problems
Qi et al investigated the Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) reaction of propane on ZSM-5 and CrOx/Al2 O3 mixed catalysts, and the results indicated that the mixed catalysts could significantly increase the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the selectivity of toluene with the optimal mass ratio of CrOx/Al2 O3 /ZSM-5 was 2
CFP of biomass can promote the generation of aromatics and the removal of oxygen in pyrolysis products, it leads to hydrogen deficiency and limits the content of hydrocarbons [11]
Summary
With the increase of energy demand and population around the world, fossil fuels are used in large quantities and gradually exhausted, which aggravates the energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental problems. Biomass pyrolysis can decompose lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuel, non-condensable gas, and bio-char under anaerobic conditions It includes slow, fast, and flash solutions. The bio-oil gained from pyrolysis has the advantage of easy handling and transportation, high energy density, and can be used as liquid fuel and chemical raw materials. Under conditions of noble metal catalyst and hydrogen, the content of oxygen in the product is reduced. Another method is catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) [10]. MAP is a new type of microwave heating, which is more efficient and energy-saving than the traditional electric heating method It has been extensively used in the preparation of bio-oil, pyrolysis gas and bio-char. The influence of reaction conditions on the products in MAP and the application of MAP in pyrolysis were discussed
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