Abstract
While biomass is attractive as a renewable low-sulfur fuel, utilization of biomass as an energy resource is not without potential environmental impacts. Competition for arable lands required for food and fiber production is the major issue concerning biomass production. Soil disturbance, nutrient depletion and impaired water quality are also potential environmental effects from biomass feedstock production and utilization of agricultural and forest residues for energy. The severity of these impacts is highly site-dependent and must be assessed regionally. Biochemical processes for converting biomass materials to fuel produce air pollutants, solid wastes and wastewater, which may adversely impact the environment. Thermochemical conversion of biomass to fuels produces air pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and polycyclic organic matter. Other environmental considerations arise from the production and handling of wastewater and solid waste. The environmental impacts from biomass production and conversion can be minimized by implementing careful planning and conservation practices, employing appropriate environmental control technology and utilizing any by-products produced.
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