Biomass Combustion Control in Small and Medium-Scale Boilers Based on Low Cost Sensing the Trend of Carbon Monoxide Emissions

Jana Mižáková,Marek Ochowiak,Serhii Khovanskyi,Ivan Pavlenko,Ján Piteľ,Alexander Hošovský

doi:10.3390/pr9112030

Abstract

The article deals with the possibility of efficient control of small and medium-scale biomass-fired boilers by implementing low-cost sensors to sense the trend of carbon monoxide emissions into control of the biomass combustion process. Based on the theoretical analysis, a principle block diagram of the process control system was designed for the possibility of providing near-optimal control of the biomass combustion regardless of its quality parameters. A cost-effective hardware solution to obtain the dependence of CO emissions on O2 concentration in flue gas during combustion and new control algorithms was implemented into the process control and monitoring system of the biomass-fired boilers to test them in the real operation. A description of the designed control system, a data analysis of the monitored values and their impact on combustion process, and some results of the implemented control of the real biomass combustion process are presented in the article.

Highlights

Introduction and Related WorksCombustion is currently the most common way to obtain energy from biomass
Due to the non-constant properties of the fuel, there is a necessity to control the amount of combustion air during wood chips supply into a furnace and during the combustion process [2,3]
The aim of our research described in this article has been to design a cost-effective monitoring and control system based on information on the values of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and

Summary

Introduction

Introduction and Related WorksCombustion is currently the most common way to obtain energy from biomass. Due to the non-constant properties of the fuel (especially changing moisture), there is a necessity to control the amount of combustion air during wood chips supply into a furnace and during the combustion process [2,3]. Approaches to this control can be based on sensing, for example, the carbon monoxide emissions, the oxygen concentration in flue gases, and fuel characterization as a part of process control [4,5,6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion