Biomarkers of oxidative stress in Wallago attu (Bl. and Sch.) during and after a fish-kill episode at Panipat, India

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out by sampling water, sediment and fish during a fish-kill episode at Panipat (Haryana, India), and again sampling at the same site was conducted after a gap of two months. During the second sampling no fish-kill was observed and the water was relatively less turbid and clear. Antioxidant profile and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in fish tissues were studied. Analysis was also carried out on the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples along with heavy metal and pesticide analysis in water and sediment samples during and after the episode. Dissolved oxygen level was substantially low during the fish-kill episode. Heavy metals (copper and chromium) and pesticides like BHC (Benzene hexachloride), DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) were also detected during the episode in water and sediment samples. Various oxidative stress biomarkers in liver, kidney and gill tissues in the Indian freshwater fish Wallago attu (Bl. and Sch.) collected from the site were investigated. The levels of reduced glutathione and non-protein thiol were significantly (P<0.001) higher in the liver of Wallago attu collected from Panipat after the fish-kill episode. Ascorbic acid levels in all the tissues did not change significantly after the episode. The LPO in liver, kidney and gills was significantly low (P<0.01–0.001) in all tissues of fish collected after the fish-kill episode. The protein carbonyl levels were significantly low (P<0.05–0.01) in all the fish organs sampled after the fish-kill episode. The findings suggest that industrial effluent may result in the massive loss of a commercial commodity. The simultaneous measurement of the physicochemical parameters of the water samples showed a good correlation between the biomarkers responses and the environmental chemical stress conditions.