Biologized agricultural methods as a basis for sustainabile functioning of a hop plantation

Abstract

Intensive technological process of hop growing traditionally supposes withholding of spaces between rows of hop plantations free of vegetation due to the interrow cultivating. It results in the disruption of the natural process of reproduction of soil fertility, and in a decrease in the stability of the functioning and productivity of agrobiocenosis. In a hop growing the problem of humulocenosis constancy home and foreign scientists partly decide by green manure in spaces between rows. It makes it possible to restock organic substances of soil in the conditions of deficit of organic fertilizers and decrease anthropogenic pressure on an environment. This issue is studied more widely and publications on this theme meet in professional editions. However, the problem of application of grass mixtures for tinning the spaces between rows, and its influence on the soil fertility factor, water-physical and chemical properties, and hop productivity has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to develop the main agroecological components of the sustainable functioning of the agrobiocenosis of hop plantations in order to prevent deterioration because of the anthropogenic loading. Methods of researches are the field experiments, laboratory researches, meteorological researches, statistical methods of analysis. It has been pro­ven that the efficient functioning of the agrobiocenosis of hop plantations is ensured by energy–saving norms for the use of fertilizers, which are based on green manure of row spacing (oil radish) with the introduction of 20 000 kg of humus per hectare + N180Р160К220; double green manure between rows (oil radish and lupine alternately) + N100Р60К120; sod between rows with the introduction of 20000 kg of humus per hectare before turfing + N180Р160К220. At the same time, the yield of hop cones remains at the level of the generally accepted regulations for the use of fertilizers, and in the variant with green manure and the introduction of 20 000 kg of humus per hectare + N180Р160К220, it has an advantage of 9–10%. Environmental — economic efficiency indicates the feasibility of forming agrobiocenesis of hop plantations, which is based on such components as sideration and sod between rows. It is less costly, and improves the natural process of soil restoration, and profitability exceeds traditional technology by 1.0–10.5%.