Abstract
Collagen 1 (COL1) and fibronectin (FN) are extracellular matrix proteins that contribute in cell activity and involve in regulating dental pulp cells (DPCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of COL1 and FN on the behavior of DPCs. Here, DPCs were grown under three different conditions: COL1 coating, FN coating, and control group without coating. The proliferation and differentiation of DPCs were investigated. DPCs in osteogenic media were able to differentiate into osteoblastic phenotype. The morphological analysis revealed no obvious difference on the shape of cells. Cells had spread well on both coated and noncoated culture plates with slightly more spreading in the coated plates after 24 hr. The MTT analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference at 1 and 3 hr among the groups, but interestingly, the analysis disclosed more cells on the coated plates after longer cultures, which indicated a higher proliferative capacity in response to COL1 and FN. RT-PCR, Western Blotting and mineralization assays did not reveal significant differences between the coated and noncoated surfaces in relation to osteogenic differential potential. Our data suggested that the surface coating of COL1 and FN were able to promote cellular proliferation and the osteogenic differentiation tendency of DPCs was also observed in vitro.
Highlights
Bone defects have been reported as one of the most common challenges in clinical dentistry (Kneser, Schaefer, Polykandriotis, & Horch, 2006)
The findings demonstrated no significant difference on cell attachment between the coated plates and noncoated at 1, 3, and 24 hr, there was a tendency of higher cell attachment on the coated plates
Within the limitation of seeding cells using normal medium without osteoinductive medium, our findings suggested that dental pulp cells (DPCs) on the coated plates with Collagen 1 (COL1) and FN did not reach the terminal state of differentiation which is essential for mineralization
Summary
Bone defects have been reported as one of the most common challenges in clinical dentistry (Kneser, Schaefer, Polykandriotis, & Horch, 2006). The needs for engineered functional tissue have been increasing to overcome the obstacles faced by using different types of bone transplantations. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) relays on three main components: cells, scaffold as cell carrier and growth factors (Langer & Vacanti, 1993). Successful BTE requires osteogenic cells stimulating bone regeneration. Stem cells were reported to be appropriate for BTE (Derubeis & Cancedda, 2004; Dubey & Mequanint, 2011). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the capacity to self-renew, and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages: neurons, adipocyte, osteoblasts, and dentin-like structure with mineralized complex structure with dentinal tubules.
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