Abstract
We present the results of the trial of the biological drug BisolbiSan (Bacillus subtillis strain H-13, isolated by the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology) for treatment of spring wheat seeds in comparison with the widely popular chemical fungicides Maxim and Maxim Plus in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia in 2016–2018. BisolbiSan contributed to a decrease in total seed contamination by 2.4 times compared to control, which was practically at the level of the chemical fungicide Maxim. Maxim and Maxim Plus oppressed the growth of the sprout and the main germ line, while BisolbiSan stimulated the growth and development of the root system, and did not inhibit the growth of the sprout. The prevalence of root rot in the variant with BisolbiSan was lower compared to control by 54 %, effectiveness of which was not significantly inferior to that of chemical protectants. In comparison with control variant, BisolbiSan increased vitreous content of grain by 16.9 %, the content of crude gluten by 3.9 %, contributed to obtaining a statistically reliable increase in the yield of 0.38 tons per hectare, which did not differ significantly from the increase in the variant with chemical protectants. In our experiment, the payback of 1 ruble of costs when treating seeds with BisolbiSan was 1.7, which is 0.5 and 0.2 rubles higher compared to Maxim and Maxim Plus, respectively. The profitability of the yield increase using BisolbiSan was 70.9 %, which is 54.5 % and 20.6 % more than when using Maxim and Maxim Plus, respectively.
Highlights
Modern farming methods have significantly increased yields, including through chemical control of plant pests
The purpose of our research was to test the biological drug BisolbiSan for treatment of spring wheat seeds in comparison with some of the most sought-after chemical fungicides, Maxim and Maxim Plus, in the Irkutsk region, which is located in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia and has a large spread of this disease on spring wheat
BisolbiSan is a contact fungicide and a seed and planting material treatment for fighting a complex of diseases based on Bacillus subtillis strain H-13 and metabolites obtained during the cultivation of the strain
Summary
Modern farming methods have significantly increased yields, including through chemical control of plant pests. This has caused serious harm to human health and lead to a number of environmental problems, such as pollution of ground waters, soil, and a decrease in biodiversity [1,2,3]. Antagonistic bacteria of the Bacillus genus can control some plant diseases. In addition to the prospect of microbiological control of fungal pathogens of agricultural crops, the stimulating effect of the bacterium Bacillus and other groups of microorganisms on growth of shoots and roots of the plant, number of grains in the ear and the mass of 1000 grains, and increase in yield was reported in [10]
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