BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PLANTS IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING

Abstract

Biological pest control methods are based on the use of preparations containing beneficial organisms, such as phytoceid mites, predatory insects, parasitoids, as well as entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria, to limit the size of the phytophage population level. According to the adopted concept of phytosanitary optimization of the crop industry, there is a transition from the total use of chemicals to the use of environmentally friendly methods of plant protection. One of the ways to implement this program is the use of biological methods of plant protection. The article analyzes the current state of the application of the biological method of crop protection in the context of global trends in the development of organic agriculture and the production of organic products in Ukraine and abroad. It is noted that the topical issue of further development of organic farming is the development of the concept of integrated ecologies protection of crops. This concept involves the use of safe means and methods of plant protection, but mainly not chemical ones - organizational, economic, agrotechnical and biological. The biological method of protecting plants from pests and diseases is based on the natural phenomena of super parasitism and antibiosis (antagonism, fungi stasis, suppression), which regulate the relationship between saprophytic, parasitic and pathogenic micro biota. Studies have established that in Ukraine the use of biological plant protection products is now extremely insignificant, although favorable conditions were created for this in the 90s of the last century. Recently, in the agricultural sector of the country, there has been a steady negative trend in the dominance of the chemical method of protecting crops over the biological one. The author proved that the use of beneficial organisms for pest and disease control in open and closed ground brings satisfactory results, and therefore has broad prospects for the future.