Biological properties of nanomaterials (literature review)

Abstract

In the article reviewed and discussed literature data on biological properties of nanomaterials. The biosafety of nanomaterials is a complex and multifaceted issue that demands a comprehensive, science-based approach. Modern environmental and economic factors should be considered in this regard. The EU’s nanotechnology policy is based on ‘an integrated, safe and responsible approach’ (Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee. Regulatory aspects of nanomaterials. SEC(2008) 2036 / COM(2008) 366 final). Based on the findings of toxicity and antimicrobial activity studies, metal nanoparticles appear to be a favorable choice as antibacterial agents in developing new disinfectants. However, further measures must be taken to ensure the safe and environmentally friendly use of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs). To achieve this, it is crucial to establish toxicity parameters for MeNPs of various compositions, sizes, and concentrations. These parameters must be compared and evaluated alongside the potential effects of MeNPs on laboratory and target animals (in vivo), as well as their antibacterial performance against microorganisms of different strains (in vitro). Thus, the investigation of possible hazards associated with the use of metal nanoparticles can be effectively achieved by analyzing the fundamental systemic characteristics of biological systems under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, taking into account various aspects such as physiological, biochemical, immunological, genetic and cytological responses that may be affected by toxic effects. The literary sources analysis and article publication were conducted under the National Research Foundation of Ukraine project No. 2021.01/0076 'Development of a novel, nanoparticle-based disinfectant for deactivation of pathogens causing emergent infectious diseases'