Abstract
BackgroundSea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson, SBT) is a valuable plant because of its medical and therapeutic potential. Different bioactive compounds in SBT berries are of special interest to various researchers. However, not only sea buckthorn berries, but also leaves of this plant (both fresh and dried) contain a lot of nutrients and bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds. The present study was carried out in order to investigate antioxidant and anticoagulant properties of sea buckthorn twig and leaf extracts (0.5–50 μg/mL) by using various in vitro models. Moreover, the aim of present experiments was to compare the biological activity of SBT leaf extract and SBT twig extract with selected berry extracts (a rich source of phenolic compounds): SBT berry extract (flavonoids being the dominant components), a commercial extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronox®), and a grape seed extract.MethodsWe determined the effect of plant extracts on the oxidative stress using selected markers of this process, i.e. the level of carbonyl groups in proteins. Additionally, we analysed the potential mechanism of modulation of hemostatic properties of human plasma (using selected coagulation times).ResultsSBT twig and leaf extracts were observed to exhibit an antioxidant activity against two strong biological oxidants: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and H2O2/Fe (the donor of hydroxyl radicals), which induced human plasma lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. Both extracts also showed anticoagulant properties.ConclusionsOur present results have demonstrated that extracts from different parts of SBT, especially berries and twigs, in comparison to well-known berries (aronia and grape), may also be viewed as a good source of active substances – antioxidants for pharmacological or cosmetic applications. Moreover, it is very important from an economic point of view to know that there is a possibility of obtaining phenolic compounds not only from the berries or leaves, but also from twigs, which constitute a production waste.
Highlights
The aim of present experiments was to determinate the potential of Sea buckthorn (SBT) twig extract components and SBT leaf extract components for: (I) modulation of oxidative stress in human plasma treated with a strong biological oxidant: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/Fe; (II) modulation of hemostatic properties of human plasma
It should be emphasized that a novel aspect of our study focused on the comparison of biological activity of SBT leaf extract and SBT twig extract with selected berry extracts: SBT berry extract, a commercial extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa, and a grape seed extract, which displays antioxidative, and anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties [2, 4, 12,13,14]
The range of tested concentrations of SBT leaf extract, SBT twig extract and selected berry extracts (0.5–50 μg/mL) in human plasma in our experiments can be achieved by way of oral supplementation with phenolics [35, 36]
Summary
The aim of present experiments was to compare the biological activity of SBT leaf extract and SBT twig extract with selected berry extracts (a rich source of phenolic compounds): SBT berry extract (flavonoids being the dominant components), a commercial extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronox®), and a grape seed extract. It should be emphasized that a novel aspect of our study focused on the comparison of biological activity of SBT leaf extract and SBT twig extract with selected berry extracts (rich in phenolic compounds): SBT berry extract (flavonoids were the dominant components [3, 4]), a commercial extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry or aronia berry; Aronox®), and a grape seed extract, which displays antioxidative, and anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties [2, 4, 12,13,14]
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