Anti-Platelet Properties of Phenolic Extracts from the Leaves and Twigs of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson.

Bartosz Skalski,Beata Olas,Jerzy Żuchowski,Anna Stochmal,Bogdan Kontek,Agata Rolnik

doi:10.3390/molecules24193620

Bartosz Skalski, Beata Olas + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193620

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Abstract

Sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) is a small tree or bush. It belongs to the Elaeagnaceae family, and has been used for many years in traditional medicine in both Europe and Asia. However, there is no data on the effect of sea buckthorn leaves and twigs on the properties of blood platelets. The aim of the study was to analyze the biological activity of phenolic extracts from leaves and twigs of sea buckthorn in blood platelets in vitro. Two sets of extracts were used: (1) phenolic compounds from twigs and (2) phenolic compounds from leaves. Their biological effects on human blood platelets were studied by blood platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation, arachidonic acid metabolism and the generation of superoxide anion. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated against platelets. The action of extracts from sea buckthorn twigs and leaves was compared to activities of the phenolic extract (a commercial product from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronox®) with antioxidative and antiplatelet properties. This study is the first to demonstrate that extracts from sea buckthorn leaves and twigs are a source of bioactive compounds which may be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular pathologies associated with blood platelet hyperactivity. Both leaf and twig extracts were found to display anti-platelet activity in vitro. Moreover, the twig extract (rich in proanthocyanidins) displayed better anti-platelet potential than the leaf extract or aronia extract.

Highlights

Platelets are highly reactive cells activated through various specific membrane receptors by physiological agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin and collagen, as well as non-physiological agonists
Our results show significantly lower adhesion to collagen of resting blood platelets and thrombin-activated platelets following preincubation with 0.5–50 μg/mL twig and leaf extract (Figure 1; Table 1)
50 μg/mL) to reduce platelet aggregation stimulated by different agonists, i.e., ADP, collagen and thrombin

Summary

Introduction

Platelets are highly reactive cells activated through various specific membrane receptors by physiological agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin and collagen, as well as non-physiological agonists. They play an important role in hemostasis, this being the regulation of the flowing properties of blood. Uncontrolled platelet activation is an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets may form pathogenic thrombi, which are responsible for acute ischemic events [2]. The greatest single cause of mortality is due to cardiovascular conditions, such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis; these are responsible for about 50% of all deaths each year in Europe [3,4,5]

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