Abstract
With 18% of total US landmass devoted to croplands, farmland is a potentially major source of biogenic particles to the atmosphere. We investigated two farms as potential sources of biological ice nuclei (IN). We found that each of these farms contained abundant INA bacteria on the vegetation; however, airborne ina gene concentrations were typically below detectable limits, demonstrating a disconnect between local vegetative sources and the air above them. The question remains, then, as to how biological IN are released into the atmosphere. In a second study, we investigated how precipitation impacted the concentration and composition of IN. Results from these measurements show that ground level IN concentrations were enhanced during rain events, and that some portion of these IN were biological. In this paper, we present results from both of these studies, and discuss modified measurement techniques aimed at characterizing the often very low number concentrations of biological IN.
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