Abstract
This study aimed to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based scaffold enriched with hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) using physical crosslinking by freezing–thawing method. We accomplished biological evaluation of scaffolds, swelling degree, bioactivity assessment, and hemolytic test. The results showed that all types of scaffolds should be safe for use in the human body. The culturing of human osteoblast-like cells MG-63 and their proliferation showed better adhesion of cells due to the presence of HA and confirmed better proliferation depending on the amount of HAp. This paper gives the optimal composition of the scaffold and the optimal amount of the particular components of the scaffold. Based on our results we concluded that the best PVA/HA/HAp combination is in the ratio 3:1:2.
Highlights
Bone transplantation is the second most common type of tissue transplantation following blood transfusion [1]
The swelling degree was estimated as an average value (Table 1) and the results confirmed that both HAp and even hyaluronic acid (HA) influenced the swelling behavior of scaffolds
The same types of scaffolds but with different amounts of HAp showed a decrease in swelling degree with an increase in the amount of HAp
Summary
Bone transplantation is the second most common type of tissue transplantation following blood transfusion [1]. Bone grafting refers to the transplantation of an autograph or an allograft Despite both transplantation types meeting the requirements of appropriate properties (osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, osteointegration), there are many disadvantages, e.g., low availability of grafts, blood loss, longer surgical time, infection etc. There is the aim to produce scaffolds able to provide regenerative signals to cells [4]. For this purpose, efforts are being made to develop scaffolds based on biomaterials that mimic those found in the natural environment [1]. The objective of the presented study was to produce a hydrogel that includes both synthetic and natural as well as inorganic components and thereby to balance the advantages and disadvantages of this scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. The hydrogel scaffold based on polyvinyl alcohol as a synthetic and hyaluronic acid as a natural component, supplemented with hydroxyapatite, was chosen for this study
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