Abstract
The Tephritidae family has many fruit fly species responsible for causing direct and indirect damage to economically important fruit trees worldwide. Biological control has been sought as a method for the management of these insects, mainly because it does not cause adverse damage to the environment. Thus, this review sought information on what is currently being published in the scientific field about the main biological agents that are used to control fruit flies. The information was obtained through surveys between the months of June and August 2020, in bases such as the Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Springer, and Scielo. The inclusion of the articles followed criteria such as publication language English, Portuguese and Spanish, available in full, from categories A1 to B1, related to the biological agents used in the control of fruit flies and published in the last five years. A total of 2,362 studies were found, of which 105 articles were selected for this review. Regarding the years of publication, only 27% of the studies correspond to references from the years 2019 and 2020, with a greater number of research on parasitoids and developed in the laboratory. The largest concentration of research was in countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Spain.
Highlights
The flies are the fruit pest insects belonging to the family Tephritidae, a major pest of world fruit production (Gava et al, 2020)
According to Norrbom et al, 1999, among the representatives of the Tephritidae family, the genera Bactrocera, Rhagoletis, Toxotrypana, Anastrepha, and Ceratitis stand out, the latter two being the ones that are considered of greatest economic relevance
The scientific production negative performance found in our results in recent years must be related to the number of investments and resources earmarked for this purpose, considering that one of the main setbacks of scientific production is the availability of resources for the development of research (Kang & Liu, 2021)
Summary
The flies are the fruit pest insects belonging to the family Tephritidae, a major pest of world fruit production (Gava et al, 2020). According to Norrbom et al, 1999, among the representatives of the Tephritidae family, the genera Bactrocera, Rhagoletis, Toxotrypana, Anastrepha, and Ceratitis stand out, the latter two being the ones that are considered of greatest economic relevance. The genus Anastrepha (Schiner, 1868) has the largest number of species in the tropics and subtropics of the Americas with more than 250 described, constituting the most important genus at the level of pests in these regions (Norrbom & Korytkowsk, 2011). The species of greatest economic importance are A. obliqua (Macquart), A. ludens (Loew), A. suspensa (Loew), A. grandis (Macquart), A. serpentina (Wiedemann), A. striata (Schiner), and A fraterculus (Wiedemann) with emphasis on the latter, known as South American fruit flies, which is highly polyphagous and widely distributed in the Americas, from the southern United States to Argentina (Norrbom et al, 1999). Being the Ceratitis capitata Wied 1824 considered one of the main worldwide pests of fruit production, presenting the widest range of hosts among the other fruit flies, responsible for the infestation of about 300 species of fruits, vegetables, and cultivated nuts and wild and causing losses of up to 100% of production (Leftwich et al, 2014; Goldshtein et al, 2017)
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