BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF VARIETIES OF VEGETABLE PEAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE RIGHT BANK

Abstract

Studies on the study of biological features and technology of growing pea plants showed the dependence of these indicators on the features of the variety. During the research, the influence of vegetable pea varieties on the biometric parameters of the plants was revealed. The largest number of leaves was noted in the Asana variety – 12.7 pcs/plant, which is more than the control by 1.7 pcs/plant. Accordingly, plants of the Alpha variety formed the fewest leaves – 11.0 pcs/plant. The Asana variety had the highest plant height, where the increase compared to the control was 6.1 cm. In general, all studied variants had a higher plant height compared to the control. The following biometric parameters of pea plants were performed in the phase of flowering and grain filling. It is noted that in this phase, the regularity between the studied indicators did not change in terms of the height of the plants and the number of leaves on them. In the flowering and grain-filling phase of pea plants, plants of the Asana variety had the largest number of leaves and plant height, which provided an increase compared to the control: flowering phase – 2.6 pcs/plant and 12.0 cm, in the grain-filling phase – 1.2 pcs/ plant and 10.9 cm. The growing season of all varieties lasted 46-60 days. This hybrid is the most precocious among the studied hybrids. The longest growing season was observed in the Avola variety – 61 days, which is 6 days longer compared to the control. Plants of the Asana variety formed the most beans – 8.6 pcs./plant, which exceeded the control by 1.0 pcs./plant, which in percentage ratio was 13.2%. Asana and Avola varieties prevailed in terms of the number of seeds per plant, which formed an average of 58.1 and 55.9 seeds per plant. The largest mass of grain was noted in the Asana variety – 9.8 g, which is more than the control variant by 2.8 g (40%), which is quite a significant difference. The increase in grain mass of the Sherwood and Avola varieties relative to the control amounted to 1.0 and 2.3 g, which is 14.3 and 32.9% more, respectively. The weight of 1000 seeds is one of the main economic indicators. It is calculated in order to correctly determine the grain sowing rate. The weight of 1000 seeds in the experimental variants was at the level of 161-169 g. The largest weight of 1000 seeds was in the Asana variety – 169 g, which is 8.0 g more than the control variant. The highest yield was provided by the Asana variety – 6.5 t/ha, which is 1.9 t/ha more than the control variant. This significant yield increase was confirmed by the results of variance analysis. The variety factor had a 96% influence on the yield. Sherwood and Avola varieties were also characterized by significantly higher productivity compared to the control variant (Alfa variety), where the increase was at the level of 0.7 and 1.5 t/ha, respectively.