Abstract
BackgroundETS transcription factors are known to act as either positive or negative regulators of the expression of genes involved in various biological processes. It was reported that ETS variant transcription factor 5 (ETV5), a key member of the ETS family, mainly plays a role as an potential oncogene in various malignant tumors. However, the role and mechanism of ETV5 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) have not been elucidated.MethodsQuantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to detect ETV5 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in 87 HGSOC tissues and 35 normal fallopian tube tissues. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of ETV5 in six ovarian cancer (OC) and human embryonic cell lines. Knockdown or overexpression of ETV5 in HGSOC cell lines, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and transwell assays were used to detect HGSOC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities. The chi-square test was used to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of HGSOC patients. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to analyze the correlation between ETV5 expression and HGSOC patient prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox regression model were conducted to determine the independent significance of relevant clinical covariates.ResultsBioinformatic analysis demonstrated that ETV5 expression was significantly upregulated in OC (p < 0.05). qRT-PCR showed that ETV5 was significantly overexpressed in HGSOC tissues than in fallopian tube tissues (p < 0.05). qRT-PCR and western blotting assays demonstrated that ETV5 was relatively highly expressed in OC cell lines. ETV5 overexpression was positively associated with poor survival in HGSOC patients, therefore making it a high-risk factor for HGSOC progression. Furthermore, ETV5 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of HGSOC cells.ConclusionETV5 has a carcinogenic effect in HGSOC and can be used as a clinically effective biomarker to determine the prognosis of HGSOC patients.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers [1]
The results demonstrated that 64 genes were upregulated in OC tissues, and ETS variant transcription factor 5 (ETV5) was identified as a candidate
Differential expression analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data revealed that ETV5 was overexpressed in OC tissues than in normal tissues (p < 0.05, see Fig. 1B). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect ETV5 expression between High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tissues and normal fallopian tube tissues, and qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of six HGSOC cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell line, 293 T
Summary
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers [1]. In the United States, approximately 22,000 incident OC cases and 14,000 related deaths were projected in 2020 [2]. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common subtype of OC, accounting for 75% of all epithelial OCs [3]. Due to the asymptomatic nature of HGSOC and lack of effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, approximately 75% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage [4]. Zhang et al J Ovarian Res (2021) 14:149 survival rate of advanced-stage patients is only 29%, while that of early-stage patients is 92% [5]. It was reported that ETS variant transcription factor 5 (ETV5), a key member of the ETS family, mainly plays a role as an potential oncogene in various malignant tumors. The role and mechanism of ETV5 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) have not been elucidated
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