Biological activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. against anthracnose of mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.

Abstract

The fungitoxic effect of Moringa oleifera extracts (MOE) were assessed in vitro and in vivo against Colletotrichum gloesporioides, a causal fungal pathogen of anthracnose in mango fruits. In vitro test result showed that MOE at 2.25 to 3.00 g/L concentration completely inhibits the growth of C. gloesporioides. Spore shredding, cytoplasmic discharge and mycelial blast were vividly observed when C. gloesporioides was subjected with MOE treatment. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of MOE at 2.25 g/L can be applied as curative, protective and simultaneous treatment on mango fruit to inhibit the anthracnose infection. The efficacy of MOE was relatively superior to synthetic fungicide based on protective, curative and simultaneous treatments. Forty-three chemical components were identified in Philippine native Moringa, based on GCMS analysis. The seven major compounds were as follows: oleyl alcohol, methyl ether (18.16%), γ-sitosterol (7.29%), 3-heptanol,6-methyl (6.88%), linalool oxide (4.95%), benzyl-o-β-d-glucoside (4.83%), formic acid.2-methyl-(1.3)dithian-2-yl methyl ester (3.51%), and nonadecanoic acid (3.15%).