Abstract
Agrochemicals have supported the development of the agricultural economy and national population over the past century. However, excessive applications of agrochemicals pose threats to the environment and human health. In the last decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have been a hot topic in many fields, especially in agriculture, because of their physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, the prevalent methods for fabricating NPs are uneconomical and involve toxic reagents, hindering their extensive applications in the agricultural sector. In contrast, inspired by biological exemplifications from microbes and plants, their extract and biomass can act as a reducing and capping agent to form NPs without any toxic reagents. NPs synthesized through these bioinspired routes are cost-effective, ecofriendly, and high performing. With the development of nanotechnology, biosynthetic NPs (bioNPs) have been proven to be a substitute strategy for agrochemicals and traditional NPs in heavy-metal remediation of soil, promotion of plant growth, and management of plant disease with less toxicity and higher performance. Therefore, bioinspired synthesis of NPs will be an inevitable trend for sustainable development in agricultural fields. This critical review will demonstrate the bioinspired synthesis of NPs and discuss the influence of bioNPs on agricultural soil, crop growth, and crop diseases compared to chemical NPs or agrochemicals.
Highlights
Agrochemicals have supported the development of the agricultural economy and national population over the past century
In agreement with Kannaujia et al, the biosynthetic AgNPs (b-AgNPs) prepared by fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. and assessed based on their phytotoxicity in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assay in wheat plants compared with chemical AgNPs (c-AgNPs) revealed that the increment in ROS accumulation in wheat plants was in the order of c-AgNPs > c-AgNPs + fruit extract > b-AgNPs.[126]. These results demonstrated that the fruit extract abundant in antioxidants possesses ROS scavenging capacity and b-AgNPs equipped with these plant-derived antioxidants become more biocompatible and less phytotoxic
After 600 ppm b-AgNPs treatment, the minimum values of 21.63 mm in the shoot and 16.25 mm in the root were observed, while 400 ppm c-AgNPs completely inhibited the shoot and root elongation. These results suggested that b-AgNPs exhibited lower phytotoxic effects on basil seed growth than c-AgNPs
Summary
SINT7 Klebsiella pneumoniae Morganella morganii Morganella psychrotolerans Shewanella loihica PV-4 Burkholderia rinojensis Acinetobacter johnsonii RTN1. 17−38, spherical ∼29, spherical 19−47, spherical 15−20, quasi-spherical 4−60, irregular 10−16, spherical ∼27, spherical 18−45, spherical
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