Abstract
The Electric Vehicle (EV) is a cutting-edge invention that helps save natural resources and minimize environmental damage. As more people become concerned about global warming, more attention is being paid to EVs in India. Advanced and intelligent control technologies have combined to create smart automobiles, which feature Artificial Intelligence, control systems and sensors. The study of EV systems has been increasingly popular in recent years. The speed management technique represents the most essential for achieving EV stability and safety. The sensor data collected from an EV could be used to regulate the vehicle’s speed for enhancing performance. In this study, a bio-inspired algorithm is used to tune the Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller for an EV. Bio-inspired algorithms like the Elephant Search Algorithm (ESA) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) are employed to find optimal values for P, I, and D. Simulation is used for developing the mathematical model of the EV system and for analysing and implementing the speed control. The simulation outcome indicates that the WOA was the most effective controller for regulating EV speed. Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is used to verify the effectiveness of the controllers.
Published Version
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