Abstract
The microenvironment plays a vital role in the tumor recurrence of neuroblastoma. This research aimed at exploring prognostic genes that are involved in neuroblastoma microenvironment. We used “estimate” R package to calculate the immune/stromal/ESTIMATE scores of each sample of ArrayExpress dataset E-MTAB-8248 based on the ESTIMATE algorithm. Then we found that immune/stromal/ESTIMATE scores were not correlated with age/chromosome 11q, but tumor stage, MYCN gene amplifications, and chromosome 1p. Samples were then divided into high- and low-score groups, and 280 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. 64 potential prognostic genes were harvested through overall survival analysis from the common DEGs. 14 prognostic genes (ABCA6, SEPP1, SLAMF8, GPR171, ABCA9, ARHGAP15, IL7R, HLA-DPB1, GZMA, GPR183, CCL19, ITK, FGL2, and CD1C) were obtained after screening in two independent cohorts. GO and KEGG analysis discovered that common DEGs and 64 potential prognostic genes are mainly involved in T-cell activation, lymphocyte activation regulation, leukocyte migration, and the interaction of cytokines and cytokine receptors. Correlation analysis showed that all prognostic genes were negatively correlated with MYCN amplification. Cox analysis identified 5 independent prognostic genes (ARHGAP15, ABCA9, CCL19, SLAMF8, and CD1C).
Highlights
Neuroblastoma is a cancer that develops from immature nerve cells found in multiple parts of the body, including neuroblastomas, ganglioblastomas, and ganglion neuromas [1]
Distributions of Immune/Stromal/ESTIMATE Scores in Different Age/Tumor Stage/MYCN Gene Amplifications/ Chromosome 1p/Chromosome 11q/Prognosis. e distributions of immune/stromal/ESTIMATE scores did not vary with age/chromosome 11q (Figure 1)
ARHGAP15, ABCA9, CCL19, SLAMF8, and CD1C were found via Cox analysis having independent prognostic value (Figure 6)
Summary
Neuroblastoma is a cancer that develops from immature nerve cells found in multiple parts of the body, including neuroblastomas, ganglioblastomas, and ganglion neuromas [1]. Neuroectodermal cells containing neuroblastomas originate from the neural crest during fetal development and are destined for the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system [1]. Neuroblastoma accounts for 97% of all neuroblastic tumors, is heterogeneous, and differs in location, histopathological appearance, and biological characteristics [1]. Its molecular basis is still unknown, clinical diversity is closely related to numerous clinical and biological factors, including patient age, tumor stage and histology, and genetic and chromosomal abnormalities [1]. Better learning the molecular mechanism of neuroblastoma could provide a crucial message related to prognosis [3]
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