Abstract
Thirty‐four genera belonging to the Gondwanian subfamily Atalophlebiinae are known from the Neotropics. Development of the lower Central American isthmus was marked only by dispersal of Gondwanian Atalophlebiinae from South America into Central America. No member of the Laurasian subfamily, the Leptophlebiinae, has dispersed from North America into Central or South America. The Antilles were colonized entirely by Atalophlebiinae from South and Central America. Genera of Neotropical Atalophlebiinae are placed into one of two faunal components: either the Patagonian Shield, South Andean, Cold‐Adapted Genera; or the Guiana & Brazilian Shields, Warm‐Adapted Genera. The 10 Patagonian Shield Genera are primarily associated with cold‐water streams of southern South America. Secondary diversification has occurred in the southern coastal mountains of Brazil, and at high elevations in the central and northern Andes. Phylogenetically, Patagonian Shield Genera are related to diverse genera on several Gondwanian conti...
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