Abstract
In various micronutrient-deficient countries, wheat is used as staple food, comprise more than 50% of the diet. Like many staple foods, wheat contain low concentration of iron (Fe). About two billion people globally have iron deficiency, especially in the regions where staple foods are based on cereal crops such as wheat. Because of high rate of Fe deficiency cases, increased Fe intake through staple food has become the main focused research area globally. As wheat is main source of protein and dietary energy for human beings, its potential to support reducing malnutrition related to Fe can be increased through producing genetically modified wheat varieties with high concentration of Fe. High Fe concentration in cereal crop is a major challenge. Even though during wheat is commonly fortify, promising and more long term solution is biofortification of wheat, which bases on the production of new wheat varieties with characteristically higher concentration of iron. Till now, may researches, which focused on increasing Fe in wheat, aimed at producing natural varieties in progenitor or related species. This review focused on the promising and sustainable approaching to maintain the improve concentration of iron in wheat.
Highlights
For all living organism, Iron (Fe) is an essential element as it catalyzes oxidation/reduction reactions
It should be kept in mind that none of the treatments mentioned above is cheap yet by considering the expenses of preventing diseases like neural dysfunction, fatigue and anemia caused by Fe deficiency is greater, than the expected cost to prevent these diseases [30]
Experiments to target physiological processes of Fe homeostasis are already in process to check the effect of biofortification
Summary
Iron (Fe) is an essential element as it catalyzes oxidation/reduction reactions. Formulations which are suitable to human health are expensive and difficult to supply across the world especially in underdeveloped areas It needs additional system for purchasing, distribution and transportation which increases its costs. Food diversification with the aim to improve crops such as legume seeds and green leafy vegetables with high Fe contents would be desirable and effective It is a simplification of the diet with low diversification which is the major cause of deficiency of micronutrients [12]. Data relative to Zn biofortification provides conclusive evidence in favor of the soil and foliar applications of Zn fertilizers These fertilizers play an effective role in improvement of gain concentration of Zn [16,17,18,19]. It should be kept in mind that none of the treatments mentioned above is cheap yet by considering the expenses of preventing diseases like neural dysfunction, fatigue and anemia caused by Fe deficiency is greater, than the expected cost to prevent these diseases [30]
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