Abstract
Objective: Escherichia coli (E. coli) are gram-negative facultative anaerobes which are commonly found in the lower intestine. Biofilm production in E. coli promotes colonization and leads to an increase rate of infections, and such infections may be difficult to treat as they exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR).
 Methods: 50 strains of uropathogenic E. coli were collected from Clinical Microbiology laboratory at Saveetha medical college and hospital for a time period of 3 mo. Strains were identified by conventional biochemical methods. Biofilm formation and quorum sensing analysis were performed by the Microtitre plate method and Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), respectively.
 Results: In this study, 46 (92%) of E. coli strains were strong, 3(6%) were intermediate and 1(2%) were weak biofilm producers. From TLC analysis, 34 (68%) of the strains produced Acyl Homoserine Lactone molecules. Out of which, 16 isolates were shown unknown analytes of Retardation factor (Rf) value greater than 1. The Rf values identified were 3 unsubstituted C4 (5), 3 unsubstituted C6 (3), 3 oxo C8 (3), 3 oxo C4 (4), 3 oxo C6 (2), 3 oxo C1 (1).
 Conclusion: In this study, 100% of isolates were biofilm producers. Of which 18 strains produced known Acyl Homoserine Lactone molecules and 16 isolates produced unknown analytes. Thus, quorum sensing molecules plays a major role in biofilm formation.
Highlights
E. coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestine
According to national institutes of health, biofilms are responsible for>60%of all microbial infections [4, 5]; the biofilms produced by E. coli may be difficult to treat as they exhibit multidrug resistance
The ethical clearance has been obtained for the study using conventional methods, a total number of 50 uropathogenic E. coli from the clinical samples were isolated
Summary
E. coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestine. UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation being the prime cause for antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent bacterial infection and diseases for many decades since their discovery at the beginning of the 20th century. According to national institutes of health, biofilms are responsible for>60%of all microbial infections [4, 5]; the biofilms produced by E. coli may be difficult to treat as they exhibit multidrug resistance. Biofilm formation increases the risk of recurrent UTI [6]. This can be reduced by appropriate treatment with antibiotics like Fluroquinolone, cephalosporin and aminoglycoside. Quorum sensing is a bacterial cell signaling which allows both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to sense one another
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