Abstract
Biological wastewater management schemes have a major impact on environmental safety and public health. This paper discusses numerous traditional and contemporary molecular approaches for investigating the structure, diversity, and dynamics of biofilms. The microbial species in the biofilm degrade various nutrients, such as phosphorous and nitrogen-containing chemicals, carbonaceous products, and pathogens embedded in the wastewater. Biofilm development is regarded as an important component of industrial effluent degradation. Once toxins are eliminated, biofilter filtered water is then discharged into the soil or used for irrigation and other recreational purposes. This paper discusses the factors that lead to biofilm heterogeneity. It also sheds light on the technical advances for evaluating Biofilm. Several strategies for developing biofilm in the lab are also explored. A kind of biofilm known as colony biofilm is also being studied, as well as its benefits and drawbacks. Cyanobacteria as a biofilm constituent is focused in this paper.
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