Abstract
In this study, we designed a biomass popping pretreatment, system using a fired burner and a horizontal cylinder rotating on an axis, to produce ethanol from mandarin (Citrus unshiu) peel (MP) waste. Popping pretreatment was performed at 150°C for 10min without chemical treatment. Popping pretreatment reduced the size of particles to less than 1mm and decreased the concentration of d-limonene, a yeast fermentation inhibitor, from 0.21% to 0.01%. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated MP was performed in 50mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.8) at 45°C for 6h, and the total saccharification rate was approximately 95.6%. The vacuum evaporation process increased the fermentable sugar concentration to 10% (glucose 7.1% and fructose 2.9%). Subsequent fermentation at 30°C at pH 5.0 for 12h in a laboratory bioreactor increased the ethanol yield to 90.6%, compared to 78% at 36h from raw MP.
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