Abstract
A description of bioencapsulation of praziquantel in adult Artemia for 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, and 10 g/L treatment baths is presented. Praziquantel was detected in adult brine shrimp tissue after enrichment periods of 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr, and 24 hr. The assays were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. There was variable uptake by Artemia at all three bath treatments over time. Despite early variability, all three baths showed a terminal increase in praziquantel concentration. Highest concentration of praziquantel was seen in the initial sample (5 g/L) or the last sample (2.5 g/L and 10 g/L). The highest concentration of praziquantel at any one point was observed in the 5 g/L treatment bath at 15 minutes. Based on percentage, more praziquantel was incorporated into shrimp at the 10 g/L than either of the other treatments. Non-predictable fl uctuations were seen in the concentration of praziquantel in both the treatment water and control water. Concentration of praziquantel in the control water increased in each treatment group over each of the fi nal three time points. Neither total praziquantel in the treatment bath (shrimp and water) or the control bath were consistent among any treatment group. Survival of shrimp was not affected by concentration, but decreased over time in all treatment baths comparatively. It can be concluded that praziquantel can be successfully, but not reliably, bioencapsulated in adult Artemia .
Highlights
The importance of aquaculture has global implications as the world population continues to grow
Praziquantel concentrations in adult Artemia were determined based on wet weight
Adult Artemia were exposed to three concentrations of praziquantel in water baths
Summary
The importance of aquaculture has global implications as the world population continues to grow. The success of fish culture can be jeopardized by the occurrence of infectious diseases that lead to morbidity or mortality. In order to manage aquatic animal health, the need for pharmacotherapy is unavoidable. Parasitic diseases are a major cause of disease in cultured systems and lead to significant morbidity and mortality in captive collections (Smith and Noga, 1993). Praziquantel is an anthelmintic that is used for treatment of infestations with cestodes, trematodes, and schistosomes (Plumb, 2005). It is often used in domestic animals, but is cost prohibitive in large animals and immersion dosing for aquatic systems. A cost-effective technique is needed to deliver this to animals with susceptible parasites
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