Abstract
The anthropogenic impact on ecosystems around developed oil fields has caused environmental issues that affect all habitats of living organisms. The sorption method is considered the most efficient and environmentally acceptable for the removal of petroleum substances from the soil. The advantages of polymeric sorbents are the ability to remove various contaminants to almost any residual concentration, absence of secondary contaminants, and sorption process controllability. The enzymatic activity of soil is an indicator of its ecological state and it can be used to assess the degree of contamination, the intensity of exposure, and efficiency of remediation. The enzymic analysis is performed by studying the activity levels of enzymes involved in different biochemical processes in soil. This can give more reliable information on changes in the state of the soil. In this research, the bioecological diagnostics of oil-contaminated soil was carried out by studying oxidative enzyme (catalase) and hydrolytic enzymes (urease, protease, and invertase) before and after application of sorbents. Based on a comparison of data obtained in study of enzyme and cellulolytic activity of the soil with a change in the total microbial count, morphological and biological properties of soil microorganisms and hematological, biochemical changes in biological models with regard to application rates of sorbent, it was revealed a correlation between the indices of biological activity of the soil, quantitative and specific composition of microorganisms. Chemical reactions occurring in the soil, associated with metabolism, decomposition, and synthesis of organic substances, migration of chemical compounds, mobilization of nutrients, are carried out with the help of enzymes. High sensitivity, accuracy, relative simplicity and easy operation of methods for determining the activity of soil enzymes allowed them to be used in studies in assessing the intensity and direction of biochemical processes that are essential for soil life and fertility. The activity of soil served an integral indicator of the environmental impact.
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