Abstract
Objective: Describe the characteristics of the environment that influence the development of sand flies, and compile information about the integrative taxonomy of these insects. Bibliographic review: Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are insects, some species of which are involved in the transmission of neglected diseases such as leishmaniasis. Thus, greater attention must be paid to ecological factors and anthropogenic changes, as they have a direct influence on the presence of the vector and the adaptation of species, favoring changes in the sylvatic cycle of the disease and consequently promoting an increase in reported cases of the disease. Traditional taxonomic identification of these insects is done by analyzing morphological characters, but the use of DNA sequences has been used by researchers as an integrative approach, since molecular techniques provide reliable, fast and efficient identifications as well as the elucidation of species complexes and the discovery of new taxa, and there are good reference sequences for many species. Final considerations: Therefore, it is crucial to understand the diversity and bioecology of vectors, including integrative taxonomy, to understand and support future research to help control leishmaniasis.
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