Abstract
Dyes are the most challenging pollutants for the aquatic environment that are not only toxic, but also interfering photosynthesis as light penetration into deep water is changed. A number of methods are used for the water reclamation, however, among them biological methods are preferably used due to their compatibility with nature. In the present research, 15 different bacterial strains were used to decolorize Brown 706 dye. Among the bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed maximum decolorization activity; hence in the subsequent experiments Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used. First the decolorization activities were carried out under different physicochemical conditions to obtain the optimum decolorization benefits of the selected microorganism. The optimum conditions established were 37°C, pH of 7 and operation cycle time 72 h. In the subsequent experiment all optimum conditions were combined in a single experiment where 73.91% of decolorization efficiency was achieved. For the evaluation of metabolites formed after decolorization/degradation the aliquots containing bacteria were homogenized, filtered and then subjected to extraction. The extracted metabolites were then subjected to the silica gel column isolation. UV–Vis, FTIR, and NMR techniques were used to elucidate structures of the metabolites. Out of the collected metabolites only P-xylene was identified, which has been formed by cleavage of azo linkage by azo reductase enzyme of bacteria following the deamination and methylation of nitro substituted benzene ring.
Highlights
The growing population needs has resulted in the advancement of the new technologies which have caused the environmental balance disturbance throughout the world, observable in the form of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution [1]
Waste materials are directly discharged into water causing water pollution in many countries around the world [4]
The decolorization of the dye were carried out in test tubes having a capacity of 20 mL The foclolonwtaiinnginfgor1m5 umlaL wofansuutrsieednttobreostthimanadtedtyhee sdoelugtriaodna.tTiohne cnauptaribeinlittibersotohf cthonetsaein- ing Brown lected bacte7r0i6alwstarsaianu[t1o4c]l.aved at 121◦C for 15 min to avoid contamination by unwanted bacteria
Summary
The growing population needs has resulted in the advancement of the new technologies which have caused the environmental balance disturbance throughout the world, observable in the form of water, soil, and atmospheric pollution [1]. A basic criterion for drinking water is to be colorless and odorless, which is not fulfilled in many regions of the world [6,7] Such waters are considered polluted as they have altered quality or composition. A number of attempts have been made to decolorize or degrade the dyes [12]. The decolorization of the dye were carried out in test tubes having a capacity of 20 mL The foclolonwtaiinnginfgor1m5 umlaL wofansuutrsieednttobreostthimanadtedtyhee sdoelugtriaodna.tTiohne cnauptaribeinlittibersotohf cthonetsaein- ing Brown lected bacte7r0i6alwstarsaianu[t1o4c]l.aved at 121◦C for 15 min to avoid contamination by unwanted bacteria. After 3 days of incubation the culture tubes mixture was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 20 min and the remaining concentration of dye in supernatant was determined through UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 467 nm [15]
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