Abstract
Biodegradable composite membranes containing propolis were produced from PCL/PLLA blends using a simple and low-cost solvent casting method, and subsequently their physicochemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties were characterized. SEM analysis revealed that the addition of propolis has created honeycomb-like structures on the film surfaces. The flexibility of the films increased in the presence of propolis, which may provide ease of use during application. Propolis disrupted the organized structure of both polymers at the molecular level and caused decreases in the melting points. The films with propolis showed faster degradation in physiological conditions due to this molecular disruption. Moreover, the PLLA/PCL/propolis composite films exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Collectively, the data suggest that the produced films might be used as an alternative to exiting barrier membranes in guided tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory disease that irreversibly destructs the tooth supporting tissue. e loss in dental tissue progresses the loss of attachments, periodontal pocket formation, increased mobility, and loss of the alveolar bone
To overcome the limitations, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy has been introduced to the clinic as it is a wellestablished procedure and shows successful outcomes to regenerate damaged periodontal tissue [7, 8]. e main purpose of GTR is to establish a boundary between epithelial cells that produce periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells with assistance of a barrier membrane made from various materials. is membrane is utilized to promote the increase in selected cell populations that facilitates the periodontal regeneration and to prevent the migration of undesirable cells into the wound area. us, the epithelial tissue cells are not allowed to migrate through the defect site and to provide sufficient space for new bone formation
Considering that the films produced in this work will contact with the osteoblast and fibroblast cells in vivo, the surface topography of the films was examined by SEM
Summary
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory disease that irreversibly destructs the tooth supporting tissue. e loss in dental tissue progresses the loss of attachments, periodontal pocket formation, increased mobility, and loss of the alveolar bone. E effectiveness of a variety of techniques, including root surface conditioning, coronally positioned flaps, and bone replacement grafts, has been tested and evaluated [4,5,6]. These procedures have limitations in attaining complete and predicable regeneration, especially in advanced periodontal defects. E main purpose of GTR is to establish a boundary between epithelial cells that produce periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells with assistance of a barrier membrane made from various materials. E commercially available GTR membranes are fabricated from biodegradable and nonbiodegradable polymers.
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