Abstract
The accumulation of a considerable quantity of gibberellin fermentation residue (GFR) during gibberellic acid A3 (GA3) production not only results in the waste of many resources, but also poses a potential hazard to the environment, indicating that the safe treatment of GFR has become an urgent issue for GA3 industry. The key to recycle GFR is converting it into an available resource and removing the GA3 residue. To this end, we established a co-bioconversion process in this study using house fly larvae (HFL) and microbes (Corynebacterium variabile) to convert GFR into insect biomass and organic fertilizer. About 85.5% GA3 in the GFR was removed under the following optimized solid-state fermentation conditions: 60% GFR, 40% rice straw powder, pH 8.5 and 6 days at 26°C. A total of 371g housefly larvae meal and 2,064g digested residue were bio-converted from 3,500g raw GFR mixture contaning1, 400g rice straw in the unit of (calculated) dry matter. HFL meal derived from GFR contained 56.4% protein, 21.6% fat, and several essential amino acids, suggesting that it is a potential alternative animal feed protein source. Additionally, the digested GFR could be utilized as an organic fertilizer with a content of 3.2% total nitrogen, 2.0% inorganic phosphorus, 1.3% potassium and 91.5% organic matter. This novel GFR bio-conversion method can mitigate potential environmental pollution and recycle the waste resources.
Highlights
As a phytohormone, gibberellins play an essential role in plant physiological responses, such as cell division, enlargement and differentiation, organ senescence and abscission [1]
No significant changes were observed in gibberellic acid A3 (GA3) reduction from day 1 to day 4, but a dramatic GA3 reduction occurred from day 4 to day 7
The gibberellin fermentation residue (GFR) was initially pretreated by solid-state fermentation with one strain of Corynebacterium variabile capable of degrading GA3, and the fermented GFR was converted into larvae biomass via housefly
Summary
Gibberellins play an essential role in plant physiological responses, such as cell division, enlargement and differentiation, organ senescence and abscission [1]. A great amount of GA3 is released into the environment, which will pose a huge potential risk for human health if GFR is not handled properly; how to recycle the GFR effectively has become an urgent issue. While direct composting of GA3 waste has some viability, most of the protein was converted into inorganic nitrogen, and there was about 80μg / g GA3 remaining in the treated GFR [9]. One of our previous studies proved that the GFR could be converted into flesh fly biomass for biodiesel production [10]. We need to seek out the microbe which has the potential to degrade GA3 by solid-state fermentation pretreatment so as to assist bioconversion of GFR via housefly larvae
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
