Housefly (Musca domestica) Larvae Preparations after Removing the Hydrophobic Fraction Are Effective Alternatives to Fish Meal in Aquaculture Feed for Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

Atsushi Hashizume,Serigne Thierno Thiaw,Takashi Ohta,Takeshi Miura,Chiemi Miura,Munenori Nishikawa,Takayuki Takahashi,Ryusaku Morita,Atsushi Ido

doi:10.3390/fishes4030038

Atsushi Hashizume, Serigne Thierno Thiaw + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes4030038

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Journal: Fishes	Publication Date: Jun 27, 2019
Citations: 19	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Ehime University, Hiroshima Institute of Technology

Abstract

Insects are an attractive alternative to fish meal (FM) as a sustainable protein source in aquaculture feed that does not negatively impact the marine ecosystem. Despite housefly (Musca domestica) larvae having adequacy of amino acid profiles, they have sometimes been reported to be inferior to FM, especially for marine carnivorous fish species. Here, we report that the removal of the hydrophobic fractions from housefly larvae enables significant replacement of FM in the diet of the red seabream (Pagrus major). In a feeding trial, housefly (HF) larvae that had the hydrophobic fraction removed as a complete substitution for 70% FM produced satisfactory growth. However, HF larvae that were supplemented with the hydrophobic fraction resulted in significant growth reduction. Growth recovery was incomplete by supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to undefatted HF larvae, being equivalent to that of fatty acid content with a control diet. Moreover, fish with a dietary intake of catechol identified from the hydrophobic fraction of the HF showed growth reduction and morphological alterations in the intestine. Our findings indicate that the hydrophobic fraction from HF larvae contains a negative factor for fish growth and eliminating the fraction from HF larvae is thought to be an important process for sustainable aquaculture.

Highlights

Certain types of aquaculture disrupt various marine ecosystems, in no small part due to the use of wild pelagic fish, e.g., sardines and anchovies, to produce fish meal (FM), when farming marine carnivorous fishes [1]
HF larvae contained all of the amino acids found in FM, including the 10 essential amino acids, and tyrosine and cysteine (Table 1), which are commonly required for the growth and survival of fish [15,27]
A large amount of FM in diets could be replaced with HF larvae preparation after the removal of hydrophobic fractions, and our findings show the potential of HF larvae as an alternative feed ingredient for sustainable aquaculture production

Summary

Introduction

Certain types of aquaculture disrupt various marine ecosystems, in no small part due to the use of wild pelagic fish, e.g., sardines and anchovies, to produce fish meal (FM), when farming marine carnivorous fishes [1]. Due to a rapid expansion of global aquaculture production, the development of alternative protein sources in feed for carnivorous fishes has become quite an urgent issue. Insects have attracted broad attention as a novel protein source for enhancing global food security since the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) published an assessment of edible insects as food and feed [2]. The housefly (Musca domestica) can yield animal protein in the biodegradation of organic waste [4], such as pig manure [5,6,7,8,9,10], cattle manure [11], poultry litter [12], and food waste [13].

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