Bioconvection heat and mass transfer across a nonlinear stretching sheet with hybrid nanofluids, joule dissipation, and entropy generation

Abstract

AbstractNanofluids plays a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer characteristics of ordinary fluids such as oil, water and many more. Nanoliquids possess numerous applications in heat transport phenomenon in plethora of fields such as micro electronics, biomedicines, engine cooling thermal management, chiller and heat exchangers. Keeping in view of the above mentioned facts, the objective of the current work is to examine the heat and mass transportation characteristics of hybrid nanofluid (Cu‐/water) along with ohmic dissipation (Joule heating) in the presence of gyrotactic mirco‐organisms (flows under the effect of gravity) which causes bioconvection. The entropy produced by the conducting hybrid nanofluid is investigated in the permeable media in the current problem. Through similarity transformations, partial differential equations that represent the issue are transformed into ordinary differential equations. The BVP4C method is used to numerically solve the equations. The impacts of auxiliary variables on velocity, temperature , concentration of hybrid nanoparticles , and density of motile micro‐organisms () are plotted with those of the variation in bioconvection rayleigh number, Schmidt number, and Bioconvection Schmidt number and examined carefully in detail. Velocity of the flow decreases when porosity factor and bioconvection rayleigh number enlarges. Microbial velocity decreases for rising Prandtl number. Entropy generation and Bejan number rises for higher volume fraction values The current investigation also included entropy analysis, which revealed that hybrid nanofluids create less entropy than regular nanofluids. The potential for hybrid nanofluids to be employed in heat transfer applications in a more environmentally responsible and effective way is the relevance of this research. It looks at the interaction between heat transmission through nanofluids and the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms, which may cause bioconvection. Such a multiphysics method is quite new and complex.