Abstract
Recently, Diaporthe has been considered the most frequently isolated genera of endophytic fungi, having a broad spectrum of host plants and a worldwide distribution. The endophytic Diaporthe strain used in the present work came from the Fungal Collection of Phytopathology and Mycology Subdepartment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin (Poland), and was isolated from healthy Prunus domestica shoots during previous studies. Due to the possibility of using the Diaporthe endophytes as a promising option for plant disease management, the main goal of the research was to study the antagonistic effect of endophytic Diaporthe strain against six phytopathogens: Verticillium dahliae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. sprotrichioides, Alternaria alternata, and Trichothecium roseum based on the dual culture assay and to determine the catabolic profile of the endophyte by using Biolog FF Plates. The dual-culture test assay revealed the ability of the endophytic Diaporthe to limit the growth of all tested pathogens. The growth inhibition percentage ranged from 20% (V. dahliae) to 40% (T. roseum). A distinct zone of inhibition occurred between the endophytic Diaporthe and the pathogens T. roseum, V. dahliae, and B. cinerea in the co-growth combinations. As for the catabolic profile results, the most intensive utilization of carbon substrates was observed after 168 h of incubation. The growth of the analyzed strain was observed on 79 media containing carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, amines and amides, polymers, and others. The most effective decomposition was observed in the polymers group, the least in amines and amides. Molecular identification indicated that this strain was closely related to the Diaporthe eres species complex.
Highlights
In recent decades, endophytic fungi have attracted the attention of scientists around the world due to their very positive effect on the host plants, stress resistance induction, growth promotion, plant protection, and metabolite production [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The main goal of this research was (i) to test the antagonistic activity of endophytic Diaporthe strain against common phytopathogens based on the dual culture assay and (ii) to determine the catabolic profile of the strain, by using Biolog FF Plates
The endophyte was further identified based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), TEF, tubulin gene (TUB), and calmodulin gene (CAL) genes
Summary
Endophytic fungi have attracted the attention of scientists around the world due to their very positive effect on the host plants, stress resistance induction, growth promotion, plant protection, and metabolite production [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Some endophytic fungi colonize plant tissues without causing disease symptoms, and they occur in a wide range of plant species and habitats [7,8]. Diaporthe is one of the most frequently isolated genera [10] It has been widely investigated and has proved to produce a broad range of valuable compounds with different bioactivities, which was recently summarized in the extensive review by Xu et al [11].These authors showed that the genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. There are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids
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