Abstract
BackgroundWhite spot lesions (WSLs) often occur in orthodontic treatments. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel orthodontic cement using particles of nano silver (NAg), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and to investigate the effects on bonding strength, biofilms and biocompatibility.MethodsA commercial resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was modified by adding NAg, NAC and MPC. The unmodified RMGIC served as the control. Enamel bond strength and cytotoxicity of the cements were investigated. The protein repellent behavior of cements was also evaluated. The metabolic assay, lactic acid production assay and colony-forming unit assay of biofilms were used to determine the antibacterial capability of cements.ResultsThe new bioactive cement with NAg, NAC and MPC had clinically acceptable bond strength and biocompatibility. Compared to commercial control, the new cement suppressed metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms by 59.03% and 70.02% respectively (p < 0.05), reduced biofilm CFU by 2 logs (p < 0.05) and reduced protein adsorption by 76.87% (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe new cement with NAg, NAC and MPC had strong antibacterial capability, protein-repellent ability and acceptable biocompatibility. The new cement is promising to protect enamel from demineralization during orthodontic treatments.
Highlights
White spot lesions (WSLs) often occur in orthodontic treatments
The shear bond strength (SBS) of the cement containing Nano silver (NAg) and NAC was not compromised until the mass fraction of methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) reached 3% (p < 0.05)
The addition of MPC into the cement containing NAg and NAC had no adverse effects on the cell viabilities (p > 0.1), yielding a cell viability of 75.1%, 78.0% and 81.3% for day 1,4 and 7 respectively, all of which were higher than the requirement of International Standards Organization (ISO) (70%)
Summary
White spot lesions (WSLs) often occur in orthodontic treatments. There has been great advancement in orthodontic treatment due to the innovations in materials and techniques, practitioners still frequently face two iatrogenic problems: external root resorptions and white spot lesions (WSLs) [1]. Anti-caries orthodontic cement is a promising measure to combat WSLs due to its independence of patient compliance and its proximity to biofilms. Chen et al BMC Oral Health (2021) 21:412 anti-caries cement should counter the etiology of WSL. The formation of orthodontically induced WSLs is well documented. An ideal orthodontic cement to combat WSLs should have protein-repellent property to decrease the salivary protein adsorption and antibacterial ability to inhibit the acid production
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