Abstract
Tissue engineering is gaining attention rapidly to replace and repair defective tissues in the human body after illnesses and accidents in different organs. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds have emerged as a potential alternative for cell regeneration and organ replacement. In this paper, porous membranes, based on nanofibrous chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and graphene oxide (GO), were obtained via electrospinning methodology. Three different formulations were obtained varying GO content, being characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In vitro tests were carried out, consisting of hydrolytic degradation inside simulated biological fluid (SBF), and in vivo tests were carried out, where the material was implanted in Wistar rats’ subcutaneous tissue to determine its biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and against Gram-negative Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, by contact of the electrospun nanofiber scaffolds above inoculum bacterial in Müeller Hinton agar with good inhibition only for scaffolds with the higher GO content (1.0%). The results confirmed good biocompatibility of the nanofibrous scaffolds after in vivo tests in Wistar rats, which evidences its high potential in applications of tissue regeneration.
Highlights
In the world, millions of people are affected by bone defects due to accidents, traumas, tumors, natural aging, bone fractures, obesity, and physical activity [1]
We demonstrated a simple protocol for obtaining electrospun scaffolds based on CS/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites, which showed adequate chemical and biological properties for their application in tissue engineering
It was evidenced through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) that in some places the scaffolds were covered by a mild apatite layer
Summary
In the world, millions of people are affected by bone defects due to accidents, traumas, tumors, natural aging, bone fractures, obesity, and physical activity [1] Due to this problem, the search for biomaterials with application in tissue engineering for the development of three-dimensional porous structural materials that imitate bone behavior has increased. The search for biomaterials with application in tissue engineering for the development of three-dimensional porous structural materials that imitate bone behavior has increased This porous framework must possess the properties of a natural bone, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, support for cell adhesion, proliferation, and cell growth, to overcome accidents, traumas, tumors, natural aging, bone fractures, obesity, and physical activity [1]. For all of the above reasons, electrospinning of polymeric micro/nanofibrous scaffolds has the potential for application in traumatic or disease states, such as in skin regeneration oscratffhoeltdrseahtams ethnet opfocteanntciearl f[o2r9]a.pplication in traumatic or disease states, such as in skin regeneration or the trEevaetmn etnhtooufgchansceevre[r2a9l]. studies on CS/ polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/GO films and electrospun polymEvereinc tmhoicurgoh/nsaenvoefriablrsotuusdsiecsafofonlCdsS/hpaovleybveineynlianlvcoeshtoigl a(PteVdAe)x/GteOnsfiivlmelsyainndtheelelcittreorasptuurne,ptohleyrme eisriac lmacikcroof/ninafnoorfimbartoiouns asbcaoffuot ltdhse phhayvseicbael,ecnheinmviecsatli,gaanteddmeexctheannsiicvaellychianratchteerilzitaetriaotnuroef,ththeenraeniosfiabrloaucks mofeimnfborramneast,ioanndabtohuetirthbeiopchoymspicaatli,bcilhiteymaicnadl, aanntdimmicercohbaianlicpael rcfhoarmraacntecrei.zaTthioenreofofrteh, ethniasnroefisbearorcuhs pmreompobsreadneths,e asntuddtyhoefirbbioiodceogmrapdaatbibleilnitaynaonfidbraonutsimmiecmrobbriaanl epsebrfaosremdaonnceP.VATh/CerSe/GfoOre,wtihthisproetseenatricahl approppliocasetidonthsefosrtutidssyuoefrbeigoedneegrraatidoanbalenndaannotfiimbricoruosbmialedmebvriacnese.s based on PVA/CS/GO with potential applications for tissue regeneration and antimicrobial devices
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