Abstract
Aloe vera (AV) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) exhibit significant properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities to facilitate skin tissue engineering. The present study aims to develop poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/ AV containing curcumin (CUR), and TCH loaded hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds to validate the synergistic effect on the fibroblast proliferation and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for wound healing. PCL/AV, PCL/CUR, PCL/AV/CUR and PCL/AV/TCH hybrid nanofibrous mats were fabricated using an electrospinning technique and were characterized for surface morphology, the successful incorporation of active compounds, hydrophilicity and the mechanical property of nanofibers. SEM revealed that there was a decrease in the fiber diameter (ranging from 360 to 770 nm) upon the addition of AV, CUR and TCH in PCL nanofibers, which were randomly oriented with bead free morphology. FTIR spectra of various electrospun samples confirmed the successful incorporation of AV, CUR and TCH into the PCL nanofibers. The fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds possessed mechanical properties within the range of human skin. The biocompatibility of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were evaluated on primary human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) by MTS assay, CMFDA, Sirius red and F-actin stainings. The results showed that the fabricated PCL/AV/CUR and PCL/AV/TCH nanofibrous scaffolds were non-toxic and had the potential for wound healing applications. The disc diffusion assay confirmed that the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds possessed antibacterial activity and provided an effective wound dressing for skin tissue engineering.
Highlights
The skin is a critical structure comprising of an epidermis followed by the dermis which gives the ability to withstand wear and tear [1]
PCL/AiVnf/lCuUenRcesdhboywtehde manoripnhcoreloagsye ainndwinettetarnbaillitsytru(7ct9u±re 1o.f6t◦h)ewnhaneonficboemrsp[2a5r]e.dElteoctProCsLpu/CnUnRan(o9fi4b.3er±s 3.7◦), whichwcoeureldanbaelypzoesdsiubnlydedruae tfoieltdheempriesssieonncescoafnnbiinogloeglieccatlrloynamctiicvreosccoompepo(FnEeSnEtMs i)naAt Va.nTahcecePleCrLat/iAngV/tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) nanofivmboeolrtrsapghceoolnootfgay1c,5t sakinzVeg.,leFshEsaShpEoeMwoefidsnaa5n7uo.3sfeib±fuerl5s◦t.etFcohigniuniqrceuree1atsdoeisotphblaseeysrsvuetrhfteahceseubwrfaaescitcetacmbhioalirrtpaychtwoelrohisgetyincsocfosumncahpnaoarfseibdtehrteso PCL, PCL/CPUCRL,aPnCdLP/ACVL,/APVCL/C/CUURR., PCL/Aloe vera (AV)/CUR, and PCL/AV/TCH analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)
The results proved that TCH loaded nanofibrous scaffolds are attributed with biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties
Summary
The skin is a critical structure comprising of an epidermis (which acts as a waterproof layer) followed by the dermis which gives the ability to withstand wear and tear [1]. Surgical treatment by conventional methods, such as autografts and allografts, may be the only solution for chronic wounds. These methods have limitations that include the morbidity of donor sites, transmission of infections and immune-rejection [2]. An effective wound healing process could include cell to cell interaction, vascularization and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. The ECM comprises of collagen, elastin growth factors, bioactive molecules and fibronectin, all of which are controlled via cell signaling by cytokines and hormonal proteins that help in determining the characteristics of the cells, such as proliferation, adhesion and migration [3]
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