Abstract
Glass ionomer cements are materials with diverse clinical applications. Its use is indicated in patients with special needs, pediatric patients, and the elderly; accordingly, it is important to know its properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity, surface roughness, microhardness, and surface characteristics of GC Fuji ORTHO LC and GC Fuji PLUS resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) with 1 and 2% of benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, or silver nanoparticles. All the experimental groups increase or decrease statistically significantly the VHN (P<0.05) compared with the control group, except for GC Fuji PLUS added with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide 1 wt%. In the same way, all groups show a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase or decrease in Ra compared with the control group except for GC Fuji ORTHO added with benzalkonium chloride 2 wt%, GC Fuji PLUS added with benzalkonium chloride 2 wt%, and GC Fuji PLUS added with cetylpyridinium chloride 2 wt%. The SEM micrographs show similar surface images between the control and experimental groups. When a dental material is modified, it is important to reevaluate its biological and mechanical characteristics. In the present study, all the additions modified the cytotoxicity and surface characteristics of RMGICs, by increasing or decreasing these properties.
Highlights
In clinical practice, the dentist has a series of materials among which he must choose the best option for each treatment
For the materials with modifications, only the addition of benzalkonium chloride (BC) at 2% in the GC Fuji ORTHO LC reduces the cell viability compared with the control cement without the modification
The results of this study show that the modifications reduce the roughness of the surface of the material, which can be a positive aspect in its use in the clinic; in materials modified with Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), this can be explained by the strong chemical affinity of these compounds with the matrix derived from polyacrylic acid of the resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) and in the case of the nanoparticles by the particle size used
Summary
The dentist has a series of materials among which he must choose the best option for each treatment. There is a wide variety; currently, the most commonly used are glass ionomer cements (GICs) and resin composites These two materials are different in their chemical composition; the GICs are formed by calcium fluoroaluminum silicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid, whilst the resin composites consist of resin monomers that in contact with an initiator form chains of resin polymers. Their clinical indications are different, since the resin composites require a longer operative time to be placed as they must be placed in thin layers, as well as a specific care so that they are not in contact with the moisture present in the mouth [1]. It has been reported that its use is appropriate to avoid caries secondary to cementation and it has remineralization properties, which is important because some of these patients have
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