Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on a host of indirect effects observed in biotin deficiency and offers possible explanations for some of these findings. The discussions primarily deal with the results on certain aspects of biotin in intermediary metabolism. The chapter discusses some of the recent data on the biochemistry of biotin. It also discusses the characterization of five biotin enzymes. The effects of biotin deficiency are felt in very many reactions in the intact organism. Biotin has been implicated to play a role in the deamination of aspartate, serine, and threonine in bacteria in the deamination of serine in animals in the reductive carboxylation of pyruvate by the malic enzyme, in the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in carbamylation reactions, in tryptophan metabolism, in purine synthesis, in protein synthesis, and in carbohydrate metabolism. As avidin specifically binds biotin, biotin enzymes do not directly mediate these reactions and the effects observed are indirect results of biotin deficiency.
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