BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS

Abstract

In this study, extracts of garlic bulbs and cinnamon bark were made using three solvents, which are 95% ethanol, acetone, and water. The chemical composition of the part used in the study for these plants was studied. The phenolic compounds were estimated by HPLC device, as well as evaluating the antimicrobial activity of these extracts at concentrations (50, 100, 200). , 400 mg / ml) and its inhibitory effect on pathogenic tuberculosis against three strains of Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Streptococcus and three strains of Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella , as well as two fungi : Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that the chemical composition of the garlic plant bulbs contains total phenols 61.4, 48.6, 10.8 mg / g, total flavonoids 4. 18, 11.6, 8.3 mg / g and the cinnamon bark contains phenols 54.4, 47.5, 12.2 mg / g, total flavonoids 13.3, 10.9, 8.8 mg / g. The results of the phenolic compounds by HPLC showed that the garlic bulbs contain 15 phenolic compounds, the most important of which are catechol 35.33 and Coumaric acid 34.40 mg / kg, the cinnamon bark contains 7 phenolic compounds, the most important of which is cinnamic acid 96.92, Ellagic acid 32.37 mg / kg. Garlic extracts showed the maximum inhibitory zone diameters against (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, respectively) while the same extracts recorded the lowest diameters of the inhibitory zone against (Salmonella typhi and Shigella and Streptococcus respectively). Garlic extracts showed the anti-fungal effects (ethanol, acetone, water) the maximum inhibitory zone diameters against (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger, respectively) while the same extracts recorded the lowest inhibitory zone diameters against (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, respectively ). Cinnamon extracts showed the maximum inhibitory zone diameters against (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively) while the same extracts recorded the lowest diameters of the inhibitory zone against (Streptococcus, Shigella, and Bacillus cereus, respectively). While the same extracts recorded the lowest diameters of inhibitory zone against (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus), respectively.