Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the fatty acids, lipid soluble vitamins, sterols, phenolics, and antioxidant capacities of three endemic Salvia L. taxa (S. euphratica var. Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham leiocalycina (Rech. Fil.) Hedge, S. euphratica var. Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham euphratica (Rech. Fil.) Hedge and S. pseudoeuphratica Rech.Fil.) and to evaluate these results systematically. The fatty acid compositions were determined by using gas chromatography, while the lipid soluble vitamins, sterols, and phenolics were determined by using HPLC. Also, the antioxidant capacities of three Salvia taxa were measured in vitro. Palmitic acid was found as major saturated fatty acid while oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and erucic acid were found as major unsaturated fatty acids in the present study. It was found that S. euphratica var. euphratica had lower palmitic acid (8.94 ± 0.71%), total saturated fatty acid (19.16 ± 0.15%), and higher unsaturated fatty acid content (82.08 ± 0.52%) than other studied taxa. Furthermore, it was shown that S. euphratica var. euphratica had different 18.3/18:2 (0.36) unsaturated/saturated fatty acid (4.28) ratios. However, this study demonstrated that Salvia taxa had low lipid soluble vitamins, sterol contents. On the other hand, it was shown that Salvia taxa had similar catechin (509.2 ± 4.21 µg/g and 552.2 ± 9.21 µg/g) and vanillic acid amounts (351.2 ± 2.17 µg/g and 396.8 ± 4.1 µg/g) in this study. And also, it was found that Salvia taxa had high rosmarinic acid content while S. euphratica var. leiocalycina had the highest rosmarinic acid content (1480 ± 7.57 µg/g). On the other hand, it was shown that the two ferulic acid contents of S. euphratica varieties were higher (1175 ±/5.21 µgmg-1740.2 ± 4.82 µg/mg) than the ferulic acid content of S. pseudoeuphratica of which was the lowest (19.2 ± 0.97 µg/mg). The present results suggested that the biochemical results guided the morphological studies, and Salvia taxa have a potent antioxidant capacity.
Highlights
The Lamiaceae, is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom, and includes more than 240 genera that are aromatic (Sharafzadeh and Zare, 2011)
It was found that S. euphratica var. euphratica had the highest linoleic acid content (31.58 ± 1.16%), ω-6 fatty acids, and its ω-6 fatty acid content was different from S. euphratica var. leiocalycina (12.06 ± 0.98%)
It was indicated that an 18:3/18:2 ratio should be used as a taxonomic tool in Lamiaceae (Azcan et al, 2004; Goren et al, 2006) and it was found that the 18:3/18:2 ratio of S. euphratica var. euphratica (0.36) was different from S. euphratica var. leiocalycina (1.34) and S. pseudoeuphratica (3.93) in the present study
Summary
The Lamiaceae, is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom, and includes more than 240 genera that are aromatic (Sharafzadeh and Zare, 2011). Thymus, Rosemary, Marjoram and Basil are some of the popular aromatic plants belonging to Lamiaceae growing in both the Mediterranean and Asia (Naghibi et al, 2005; Hossain et al, 2010; Khled Khoudja et al, 2014). Some species of Salvia L. have the significant pharmaceutical properties and have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times (Asadi et al, 2010; Loizzo et al, 2010). The members of Salvia L. are consumed as herbal tea and used in cosmetics, flavouring agents, and perfumery industries (Loizzo et al, 2010; Akbulut and Bayramoglu, 2013). The genus is represented by 100 taxa of which 57 are endemic, with Anatolia being a remarkable center for the genus (Celep et al, 2015; Bardakci et al, 2019)
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