Abstract
Virola surinamensis is a forest species widely distributed in the estuaries of the Amazon. These ecosystems are susceptible to contamination by Cadmium (Cd), indicating that the plant has strategies for tolerating this metal. The aim of this study was to assess the nitrogen and carbon metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium with the perspective of the phytoremediation of contaminated environments. The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L− 1), for 60 days. In general, Cd did not affect nitrate concentration in the root but had a positive effect on leaves. The reduction of nitrate reductase (NR) in plants exposed to Cd was followed by a decrease in ammonia, total soluble amino acids (TSA), and total soluble proteins (TSP). Cd promoted an increase in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), proline, sucrose, and reducing sugars in the plants. The increase in TSC, sucrose and proline, suggests a metabolic regulatory mechanism of V. surinamensis against Cd stress.
Highlights
Increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment, caused especially by mining residues and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, promotes serious imbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems because it is highly toxic and persistent in the environment, as well as present a high mobility in the soil for plants, being incorporated and bioaccumulated to other components of the food chain, rapidly affecting the growing number of organisms [1].High levels of Cd in the soil commonly causes many stress symptoms in plants such alterations in the concentration of starch and soluble carbohydrates inIt has been postulated that higher plants are more sensitive to Cd stress [9]
Cd concentrations reached 0.045 and 0.04 μmol NO3− g− 1 Dry Mass (DM) in the control treatment (0 mg L− 1 of Cd) and at a dose of 15 mg L− 1 of Cd, respectively (Fig. 1a), corresponding to a reduction of 11.11% when compared to the control
Values of 0.01 and 0.02 μmol NO3− g− 1 DM were obtained in the control plants (0 mg L− 1 of Cd) and at the highest dose of Cd (60 mg L− 1 of Cd), respectively (Fig. 1b), characterizing an increase of 100% in the treatment of 60 mg L− 1 of Cd when compared to the control treatment
Summary
Increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment, caused especially by mining residues and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, promotes serious imbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems because it is highly toxic and persistent in the environment, as well as present a high mobility in the soil for plants, being incorporated and bioaccumulated to other components of the food chain, rapidly affecting the growing number of organisms [1].High levels of Cd in the soil commonly causes many stress symptoms in plants such alterations in the concentration of starch and soluble carbohydrates inIt has been postulated that higher plants are more sensitive to Cd stress [9]. Increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in the environment, caused especially by mining residues and excessive use of phosphate fertilizers, promotes serious imbalances in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems because it is highly toxic and persistent in the environment, as well as present a high mobility in the soil for plants, being incorporated and bioaccumulated to other components of the food chain, rapidly affecting the growing number of organisms [1]. High levels of Cd in the soil commonly causes many stress symptoms in plants such alterations in the concentration of starch and soluble carbohydrates in. Study conducted by Andrade Júnior et al [10] demonstrated medium and high tolerance of Virola surinamensis to Cd. Variations in Cd tolerance in plants may be associated with changes in nitrogen and or carbon metabolism. Is a species widely distributed and Júnior et al BMC Plant Biology (2021) 21:151 adapted to the lowland and igapó ecosystems in the Amazon [10] These ecosystems are constantly susceptible to heavy metal contamination, as Cd [11,12,13], indicating that the plant has strategies to tolerate environments contaminated by these metals
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