Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the liver oil extracted from the deep sea shark, Echinorhinus brucus, caught from Central Indian Ocean and to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY-5Y). Characterization of liver oil of Echinorhinus brucus revealed the presence of palmitic acid (15%), oleic acid (12%), stearic acid (8%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (18%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (16%). It was also found to be a good source of squalene (38.5%) and fat soluble vitamins such as A, D, and K (vitamin A: 17.08 mg/100 g of oil, vitamin D: 15.04 mg/100 g oil, and vitamin K: 11.45 mg/100 g oil). Since it was found to be rich in essential fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins, and squalene, it can be considered as better dietary supplement. The oil of Echinorhinus brucus also showed high in vitro cytotoxic effect against the human neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY-5Y) and the IC50 value laid between 35 and 45 ng.
Highlights
The immense health benefits of the shark liver oil have been studied in the past few decades and were reported as a source of nutrients such as lipid soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids
Our current study is to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the liver oil extracted from Echinorhinus brucus against neuroblastoma cell lines and to profile its biochemical constituents
As unsaturated fatty acids are taken into account oleic acid (12.13 ± 0.11), linoleic acid (9.24 ± 0.05), linolenic acid (2.23 ± 0.13), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contribute the major portion (16.27 ± 0.22 and 18.1 ± 0.99, resp.) (Table 1)
Summary
The immense health benefits of the shark liver oil have been studied in the past few decades and were reported as a source of nutrients such as lipid soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids. Shark liver oil contains a group of ether-linked glycerol known as 1-O-alkylglycerols, n-3 PUFA, squalene, and some vitamins. These components have been reported to present multiple biologic activities, including inhibition of tumor growth [6, 7] and enhancement of both macrophage activation [8] and specific immunity in rodents and humans [9]. The oil extracted from deep sea sharks contains a towering level of PUFA, squalene, Scientifica alkylglycerols, and trivial levels of free fatty acid, sterol, pristane, and wax ester [12]. Our current study is to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the liver oil extracted from Echinorhinus brucus against neuroblastoma cell lines and to profile its biochemical constituents
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