Abstract
The residual biomass of leaves and branches of fast returning species, such as bamboo, are the most promising for biochar production, and could be used as an excellent soil conditioner to recuperate degraded areas, stock carbon and recycling nutrients. The experiment was carried out on greenhouse condition as completely randomized design, under a factorial arrangement (3×3), been three pyrolysis condition (400 ºC, 500 ºC and 600 ºC), applied at 40 t ha-1 and three phosphate sources: Nature Phosphate (NP), Simple Superphosphate (SS) and Triple Superphosphate (TS) (100 kg ha-1 as P2O5), during one year with four crop rotation of cowpea and corn. The presence of biochar, independently of pyrolysis temperature, allowed value of shoot dry matter highest in the first two crops rotation and the P contents in the soil were increased up to third crop, however, it is showing statistic difference only in the soil after the two cowpea crops, in which the interaction showed similar behavior between the more soluble source (TS) and the less soluble source (NP). The concentrations of foliar P were similar between the two cowpea crops, thus in the corn crops the concentrations of foliar P were higher in the second crop and showed significance in the two crops. The presence of biochar modified the nature behavior of the phosphate sources, becoming similar P availability.
Highlights
The maintenance of high levels of stable organic matter and nutrients available in Dark Earth of Indian soils is associated with a large and prolonged incorporation of pyrogenic carbon (Glaser et al, 2001; Lehmann et al, 2002, 2003b)
Considering that the high levels of phosphorus (P) found in dark earths are linked to large amounts of organic biocarbonated material over decades (Kern, 2001; Weliton et al, 2011), the hypothesis of this work is that the presence of biochar in the soil can contribute to increase the amount of soluble phosphorus from conventional phosphate fertilizers, increasing the agronomic efficiency of these fertilizers
In the first cultivation of cowpea, the aerial dry mass (ADM), in the treatment that received biochar produced under the temperature of 400 oC plus simple superphosphate (SS), presented higher value without, presenting a significant difference in relation to the treatment received (NP), this result may be a reflection of the calcium and sulfur supply through the application of simple superphosphate
Summary
The maintenance of high levels of stable organic matter and nutrients available in Dark Earth of Indian soils is associated with a large and prolonged incorporation of pyrogenic carbon (Glaser et al, 2001; Lehmann et al, 2002, 2003b). The Biochar may exhibit different physicochemical characteristics and properties depending on the source and the carbonization temperature of the plant material (Bird et al, 2015; Roberts & Nys, 2016). Considering that the high levels of phosphorus (P) found in dark earths are linked to large amounts of organic biocarbonated material over decades (Kern, 2001; Weliton et al, 2011), the hypothesis of this work is that the presence of biochar in the soil can contribute to increase the amount of soluble phosphorus from conventional phosphate fertilizers, increasing the agronomic efficiency of these fertilizers. The high cost of soluble phosphate sources has led producers to become interested in natural phosphate, natural phosphate (Resende et al, 2006), but which have little agronomic efficiency due to its slow solubilization
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call