Biobased Technologies for Remediation: Green Technology for Environmental Cleanup

Abstract

Environmental pollution is aggregating as the time passes due to the drastic rise in industrialisation, populations, as well as urbanisations. This rising threat evoked as a major threat to ecological well-being and its associated biotic life. To minimise the adversarial effect of these pollutants on the humans’ well-being or environs there is a great demand for global efforts to tackle them. The ideal solution considered for the reduction in pollution is utilising a biological agent for remediation. Bioremediation is a green and effective innovative technology that makes use of the living microorganisms as well as the plants for the degradation the pollutants. This green technology comprises a number of technologies like phytoremediation, phytoextraction/phytoaccumulation, phytostabilisation, phytodegradation, rhizoremediation, rhizofiltration, phytovolatilisation, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and bioaccumulation. These technologies are proven to be eco-friendly, sustainable, and economically adaptable technologies as these green technologies efficiently remove the contaminants (organic and inorganic) without inducing any negative feedback to the green environment. The sustainability idea of remediation during the past few decades has catalyzed high levels of activity in generating facts on green technology in the form of bioremediation. Some indicator plants and microorganisms are used for monitoring and assessment of several environmental impacts, and for social and economic issues. Bioremediation practices, proved to be among the greenest technology for environmental remediation, were performed according to the type of contaminant, environmental component, etc. So, these technologies can be proficiently applied for cleaning soils, surface water, and groundwater as well.