Bioaugmentation of soil with Enterobacter cloacae AKS7 enhances soil nitrogen content and boosts soil microbial functional-diversity.

Abstract

Biofertilizer happens to be a promising alternative of chemical fertilizer in the establishment of sustainable agricultural practices. Following this observation, several nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the soil in which an isolate (AKS7) was selected for further studies as AKS7 showed considerable competence in growth on nitrogen-free growth medium. Acetylene reduction assay confirmed that AKS7 can fix atmospheric nitrogen efficiently. The result of Kjeldahl assay revealed that the organism (AKS7) could fix nitrogen up to 12mg in 8days. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.987) was observed between microbial cell biomass and the amount of nitrogen fixed by AKS7 over a period of 8days. The organism was identified as Enterobacter cloacae through molecular and biochemical tests. To investigate the in situ nitrogen fixation by E. cloacae AKS7, naturally attenuated (AKS7 not-inoculated) and bioaugmented (AKS7-inoculated) soil microcosms were prepared. The bioaugmented microcosm showed higher level of soil nitrogen content than naturally attenuated microcosm. A large number of heterotrophic as well as nitrogen-fixing microorganisms were counted in bioaugmented microcosm than naturally attenuated microcosm. Results of the carbon source utilization patterns of BiOLOG ECO plate revealed that bioaugmented microcosm exhibited higher level of functional richness and evenness that lead to the exhibition of higher level of microbial functional-diversity in bioaugmented microcosm than the naturally attenuated microcosm. Taken together, the results indicated that augmentation of E. cloacae AKS7 into soil enhanced the nitrogen content and soil microbial functional-diversity considerably.