Abstract
Wounds affect one’s quality of life and should be managed on a patient-specific approach, based on the particular healing phase and wound condition. During wound healing, exudate is produced as a natural response towards healing. However, excessive production can be detrimental, representing a challenge for wound management. The design and development of new healing devices and therapeutics with improved performance is a constant demand from the healthcare services. Aerogels can combine high porosity and low density with the adequate fluid interaction and drug loading capacity, to establish hemostasis and promote the healing and regeneration of exudative and chronic wounds. Bio-based aerogels, i.e., those produced from natural polymers, are particularly attractive since they encompass their intrinsic chemical properties and the physical features of their nanostructure. In this work, the emerging research on aerogels for wound treatment is reviewed for the first time. The current scenario and the opportunities provided by aerogels in the form of films, membranes and particles are identified to face current unmet demands in fluid managing and wound healing and regeneration.
Highlights
Wound healing involves complex cellular, biochemical and physiological events which are dependent of a myriad of local, systemic and environmental factors, including wound humidity, oxygenation, infection and maceration, as well as age, nutritional status, obesity, medications and smoking habits [1,2,3]
Aerogel structures encompass a series of unique properties that are of utmost importance for wound healing applications (Figure 3A)
Bioaerogels were prepared in the form of core–shell particles loaded with an antimicrobial agent, consisting of a core made by low methoxyl amidated pectin and a shell consisting of high mannuronic content alginate [21]
Summary
Wound healing involves complex cellular, biochemical and physiological events which are dependent of a myriad of local, systemic and environmental factors, including wound humidity, oxygenation, infection and maceration, as well as age, nutritional status, obesity, medications and smoking habits [1,2,3]. The skin wound healing process usually occurs in a cascade of coordinated and systemic events with a variety of cellular activities and characterized by a set of consecutive and overlapped phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation/maturation/remodeling [1,9]. The transition between these stages usually depends on the maturation and the differentiation of the most important cells, namely macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes and the activation of endothelial cells [10,11,12]. FigureFig2u.reS2c.heSmchaetmicatirceprerperseesnetnattaitoionn ooff wowuonudnhdealhinegalsintaggesst(ahgemesost(ahseism, oinsfltaamsism, atiinonfl,amprmoliafetiroanti,onparnodlifmeraatutiroan- and maturatitoionn/r/reemmodoedleinlign)ga)ndanpdrinpcriipnaclicphaalrcahctaerraisctticesriosftiecaschofpehaacseh. phase
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