The role of myofibroblasts in the healing of chronic wounds

Abstract

Surgical infection is one of the most important and important problems of modern medicine. The lack of a universal remedy and method of wound treatment, the difficulty of choosing universal tactics of management of patients with chronic wounds determines the need for further search for new treatments that stimulate reparative processes in chronic wounds, including morphological research methods. The role of cellular regulation in the pathogenesis of the restoration of the morphofunctional state of a chronic wound in the conditions of its damage remains undisclosed. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the role of myofibroblasts in the healing of chronic purulent-necrotic wounds in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells using immunohistochemistry. In the experiment we obtained a model of chronic purulent-necrotic wound, which meets all the requirements for quality indicators in the study of morphological changes in chronic wounds and can then be used as a basis for preclinical research. The condition of chronic purulent-necrotic wounds in 120 rats was studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Chronic wound was modeled according to the original method of the author: during the formation of a standard skin defect in the interscapular area of the rat with a diameter of 1 cm, the surrounding tissue was superimposed ischemic metal structure to reduce blood flow in the wound area, which significantly slowed the delay. Treatment was started from 28 days from the beginning of wounding, which clinically and histologically corresponded to the chronicity of the wound process. Statistical processing of morphometric parameters was performed using the standard software package “Statistica 6.1”. It was found that the positive dynamics of healing of chronic wounds, using 0.025 % decasan solution, was observed mainly in the early stages (3-7 days), while mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC cloned in inert gases (MSC-IG) were effective at all stages of the study. The use of MSC and MSC-IG creates favorable conditions for the normal course of regenerative processes and epithelialization of wounds, providing anti-edema and anti-inflammatory effects with activation of myofibroblasts, which increases the healing efficiency of chronic purulent-necrotic wounds. Prospects for the use of MSC in the treatment of chronic wounds are shown.