Bioactivity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Alcoholic Extract of Walnut Tree Bark Juglans Regia Against Thielaviopsis Paradoxa and Thielaviopsis Punctulata in vitro

Abstract

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were biologically synthesized by the alcoholic extract of the bark of the walnut tree Juglans regia by adding 30 ml of the extract at a concentration of 10,000 ppm to 150 ml of a freshly prepared magnesium nitrate solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7 at a temperature of 30 °C in the dark. The causal agent has been characterized molecularly. Microscopic examination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the formation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with a uniform size of 28.55 nm. The results of testing the effectiveness of magnesium oxide nanoparticles showed efficiency in inhibiting the growth of two fungi, Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Thielaviopsis punctulata, as the average effective concentration in each of the two fungi was 79.43 ppm. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using an alcoholic extract of walnut bark, providing an alternative method for the fabrication of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The manufacture of nanoparticles using plant extracts is an important alternative method because it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly.