Abstract
Fungal mycelium cultures are an alternative to natural sources in order to obtain valuable research materials. They also enable constant control and adaptation of the process, thereby leading to increased biomass growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites. The present study aims to assess the biosynthetic potential of mycelial cultures of six Ganoderma species: G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. lucidum, G. pfeifferi, and G. resinaceum. The presence of phenolic acids, amino acids, indole compounds, sterols, and kojic acid in biomass extracts was determined by HPLC. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts and their effects on the inhibition of selected enzymes (tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase) were also evaluated. The total content of phenolic acids in the extracts ranged from 5.8 (G. carnosum) to 114.07 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) (G. pfeifferi). The total content of indole compounds in the extracts ranged from 3.03 (G. carnosum) to 11.56 mg/100 g d.w. (G. lucidum) and that of ergosterol ranged from 28.15 (G. applanatum) to 74.78 mg/100 g d.w. (G. adspersum). Kojic acid was found in the extracts of G. applanatum and G. lucidum. The tested extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the analyzed mycelial cultures are promising candidates for the development of new dietary supplements or pharmaceutical preparations.
Highlights
The genus Ganoderma was described in 1881 and initially comprised only one species—G. lucidum (Curtis) Karst. [1]
The present study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of extracts from mycelial cultures, which are considered as sources of compounds with health promoting properties
Mycelial cultures enable us to obtain biomass enriched with specific components, e.g., through appropriate precursors of metabolic pathways or elicitors
Summary
The genus Ganoderma was described in 1881 and initially comprised only one species—G. lucidum (Curtis) Karst. [1]. Species in the genus Ganoderma are considered to be important natural sources of compounds with medicinal properties. Their therapeutic effects have been known for thousands of years. They are most popular in Asia, especially in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The most important groups of compounds are triterpenes (GTs-Ganoderma triterpenes) and polysaccharides [6]. Because of their chemical constituents, the extracts of Ganoderma spp. are an interesting object of biotechnological research. Previous studies have mainly focused on mycelial cultures of G. lucidum—a species with the broadest spectrum of activity [7]. Continuous advancements in biotechnology and gaining in-depth knowledge on the properties of mushrooms have enabled us to design new biotechnological processes
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